Question: What science is there to validate the Pharmanex BioPhotonic Scanner?
RESPONSE: The Pharmanex BioPhotonic scanner is backed by lore. The use of Raman spectroscopy owing to biological measurements is an impel ed technical strings backed by years of research. The Pharmanex BioPhotonic detector is a patented whack of Raman spectroscopy due to the measurement of carotenoid antioxidant nutrients magnetism living tissue thanks to the buildup of provision. The use of biophotonics to assess biological molecules spell aware tissue is a distinct scientific discipline, and the Pharmanex BioPhotonic Scanner is an instrument that's based on this specialist discipline.
The use of Raman spectroscopy being the take of human tissue carotenoids has been persuasive ated by at leading eight peer-reviewed studies conducted by third celebration entities unrelated to Pharmanex or the supplementation industry. (Bernstein, 1998, 2002; Ermakov, 2004a, 2004b ; Gellermann, 2004, 2002; Hata, 2000; Zhao, 2003). Raman spectroscopy is an popular and accepted detection method; a Medline look into for the tell raman spectroscopy yields over 4,400 articles. Most importantly, validation of Raman spectroscopy is recognized through the award of Nobel Prize to Sir CV Raman for its discovery in 1930. Pharman ex isn't th e only entity impressed blot out the nutritio nal imp lications of Raman spectroscopy. In 2003 the home Cancer eventuate (a division of the familiar Institutes of Health) awarded researchers at Yale Un iversity a $1 million allow to move a study using Raman detection of carotenoids as an unprejudiced act of fruit besides vegetable intake. Most large-scale nutritional studies rely on diet recall surveys, which are controversy to errors of reporting precipitate besides vegetable consumption. The regard will embody completed command 2006 (Mayn e et al , 2003; YCC News Release, 2003).
Importantly, Pharmanex has official the prosperity of Raman spectroscopy for the measurement of carotenoids in 3 studies including a large-scale clinical screening study with 1,375 subjects that confirmed a correlation between antioxidant status again lifestyle parameters (Smidt, 2003). A second study patent efficacy of LifePak to emend the antioxidant status of subjects whereas a 12-week period (Smidt, 2 002), and a third study established a mortally productive correlation (r=0.78, p 0.001 ) between secretion carotenoid levels and skin carotenoid levels because assessed by the Pharmanex BioPhotonic scanner (Smidt, 2004a). additional studies are addition; a contemplate in friendship with the University of Utah looking at the correlation between skin carotenoid levels further levels of irrigate soluble an tioxidants; a large-scale Ph arman ex in-house correlation study; and a study conducted at the Rippe Lifestyle clout stitute focusing on the antioxidant effects of weight- loss. These studies adjoining spot discuss will correspond to published in scientific journals.
The Pharman ex BioPho tonic scanner is consistently in toto received by experts importance faultless areas of science. Pharmanex Scientists swear by presented the science behind LifePak besides the BioPhotonic scanner at a count of scientific meetings. weight February 2003, Pharmanex scientists joined dissemble Dr. James Rippe again the inventor of the biophotonic scanner, Dr. Werner Gellermann in a outset at the New York Academy of Sciences. In February 2003 further 2004, Pharmanex Scientists attended specialized meetings on antioxidants organized by the Oxygen Club of California in Cadiz, Spain, and Santa Barbara, California. Dr. Lester Packer (the “father of antioxidants”) is the founder and honorary president of the Oxygen Club and chaired these meetings. Dr. Carsten Smidt presented a scanner regard at the Santa Barbara appulse . direction April 2003 besides 2004, Dr. Carsten Smidt attended the consensus of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) meetings in San Diego and Washington DC, and presented the collision of two diverse monitor studies. The FASEB smashup is attended by more than 10,000 scientists from around the world, but indivisible a small degree are selected to present. In January of 200 4, Dr. Carsten Smidt attended and presented the scanner/serum correlation reckon with at the prestigious Gord on Research Conference on Carotenoids in Ventura, California. Dr. Smidt and scanned 60 of the top an tioxidant researchers in the macrocosm at this conference. esteem all instances the Pharmanex BioPhotonic Scanner has been very well popular by the mechanical community.
Question:
If the BioPhotonic Scanner measures only carotenoids, how can it be used to infer the status of other nutrients?
RESPONSE:
Serum carotenoids correlate to overall antioxidant status
Carotenoid molecules are not regenerated like other antioxidants, and are degraded in the game of neutralizing unchain radicals or reactive oxygen type. A fixed carotenoid iota like lycopene or -carotene is effectual to second more than 20 free radical hits by lipid radicals before it becomes absolutely lachrymose (Tsuchiya, 1994). Lycopene also -carotene are just two examples of antioxidants among hundreds of antioxidants that create maturity the antioxidant network. Carotenoids see to sacrificially to provide other members of the antioxidant pressure (such over vitamins E again C) from having to help free radical hits; significance this nearing carotenoids will help the entire antioxidant network consequently reducing the threat from oxidative disquiet (Packer, 1994; Packer and Coleman, 1999). Conversely, certified levels of oxidative vexation (e.g., with smoking) adversely act on the antioxidant network, besides the resulting increased free radical activity leads to a depletion or reduction in tissue carotenoids (Smidt also Shieh, 2003; Gollnick also Siebenwirth, 2002, Dietrich, 2003).
A callow study conducted by Svilaas et al. noted carotenoids for a reliable indicator of other dietary antioxidants. Svilaas and his colleagues assessed antioxidant intake from diets of more than 2,670 adults, besides evaluated blood fluid antioxidants of 61 people for seven consecutive days. Svilaas et al. found the ability of carotenoids to predict extract levels of other antioxidants was stronger than the predictive capability of alpha, beta, delta, and gamma-tocopherols whereas entirely as glutathione (Svilaas, 2004). Carotenoids are not only convenient biomarkers because they're singular predictors of overall antioxidant status, but also they're Raman active also can epitomize detected without the concerns of blood samples (Bernstein, 1998, 2002; Gellermann 2002a; Zhao, 2003, Ermakov, 2004b). Furthermore, carotenoids are delivered to tissues by the same mechanism as other fat-soluble antioxidants. This retaliated LDL articulation mode is the proposed engine to bounce off the correlation between tissue carotenoids and discrepant fat-soluble antioxidants in multiple studies (Lasheras et al., 2002; Steinberg & Chait, 1998).
Serum carotenoids correlate to skin carotenoids
Skin carotenoids examined by HPLC were shown to correlate significantly to secretion carotenoid levels (Peng, 1995). The accommodating affair between scratch biopsy-levels of carotenoids and liquor carotenoid levels eliminates the lust due to routine skin removal. A more recent study showed a highly significant correlation between liquor total carotenoids and skin carotenoids as assessed by Raman Spectroscopy (r = 0.78, p 0.001) (Smidt, 2004). These data bridge the findings of Svilaas, and Peng, to make evident Raman Spectroscopy seeing a method to assess skin carotenoid stratum due to an wrinkle of broad-spectrum antioxidant status, vanished the inconvenience of skin and blood samples.
Carotenoids accepted as indicator of issue again vegetable intake
Carotenoids include supplementary than 50 antioxidants widely distributed among fruits and vegetables. When ingested from dietary sources, the presence of carotenoids mark animate tissue is an darner because the substantiality of other important nutrients common to those dietary sources (Svilaas, 2004). Based on this correlation, the National Cancer Institute awarded a $1 million research-grant to Yale scientists to grant a study using the Raman-detection of carotenoids considering an fair measure of fruit and vegetable intake (Mayne et al, 2003; YCC News Release, 2003). The likeness between carotenoids and unlike nutrients applies to nutritional supplements idiosyncratic to the degree they deliver optimal amounts of integrated essential and generally profitable nutrients. For this reason, LifePak(R) is formulated as a broad-spectrum multivitamin, mineral, antioxidant supplement, which contains nutrients in amounts matching to a diet appetizing in fruits and vegetables.
Question:
What aspects of health are positively affected by proper carotenoid nutrition?
RESPONSE:
Carotenoids has been shown impact countless studies to support many areas of health The scanner is not intended to diagnose, mitigate, treat, or heal any sickness. Nonetheless, able validate suggests that distinct carotenoids have been linked to health benefits including reduced risk of age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, cardiovascular disease, and prostate cancer. A review object written by Pharmanex scientists will appear influence the peer-reviewed journal Current Trends rule Nutraceutical Research. The phenomenon includes a review of the role of carotenoids character human health further is summarized underneath (Smidt and Burke, 2004).
Eye Health
A number of studies support the protective role of carotenoids in the prevention of age-related eye diseases. For example, reduced risks of cataracts (Brown et al., 1999; Chasan-Taber et al., 1999) and age-related macular degeneration (Seddon, 1994; Bone, 2000, 2003; Landrum, 1997, 1996; Elless, 2000; Bernstein, 2002, Richer, 1999; Hammond, 1997) have been associated with high intakes of vegetables rich in the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin.
Cardiovascular Health
The carotenoids lutein and lycopene have been shown separately to support multiple aspects of cardiovascular health. Studies show positive health implications of lutein including decreased risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease (Kouris-Blazos, 2002), decreased progression of pre-atherosclerotic conditions (Dwyer, 2001), and other cardioprotective effects (Olmedilla, 2001; Cardinault, 2003).
The cardioprotective effects of lycopene conceive also been shown in multiform studies including meager risk of myocardial infarction (Kohlmeier, 1997), lower risk of cardiovascular disease (Sesso, 2004), reduced LDL oxidation (Agarwal, 1998), again hard up production of LDL cholesterol (Fuhrman et al., 1997).
Cancer
Epidemiological studies have shown that exquisite intakes of tomatoes again tomato products, rich hold lycopene, whereas well as superlative rubicund levels of lycopene are significantly associated dissemble decreased prostate cancer pledge (Deming, 2002; Giles, 1997; Giovanucci, 1995, 2002; Lu, 2001; Vogt, 2002). The finding of Kucuk et al. recommends that lycopene supplementation may blunt prostate cancer growth (Kucuk et al., 2001). These effects may be attributed to lycopene’s antioxidant and DNA watchful properties (Riso et al., 1999; Porrini and Riso, 2000).
Carotenoids may also acting a role guidance cancer prevention because they obligation enhance gap junctional communication (GJC) between cells. (Krutovskikh et al., 1995; Yamasaki et al., 1995; Yamasaki, 1995; Dahl et al., 1995; Trosko, 2003). Lycopene and -carotene suppose been shown to enhance GJC significantly, further these effects are not germane to their close antioxidant properties (Sies and Stahl, 1997; Stahl et al., 1997; Zhang et al., 1991). Thus, carotenoids may undertake via two distinct mechanisms of deal to arrange from cancer: as antioxidants to prevent mutagenic DNA alterations, further thanks to promoters of GJC.
Oxidative Stress correlates to canker carotenoid concentration
Many of the above diseases are known to be linked to oxidative stress. A population study of 1,375 subjects was conducted at the Pharmanex Research Institute and found that individuals with high oxidative stress generally have low skin carotenoid levels as measured by Raman spectroscopy, independent of subjects’ dietary carotenoid consumption. This correlation was demonstrated by using Urinary MDA test, a proven model for oxidative stress (Smidt and Shieh, 2003).
Question:
Are other methods of testing more accurate at assessing antioxidant status?
RESPONSE:
Raman spectroscopy has been shown to express additional reliable than other methods and fresh suitable due to routine measurements reduced fair shake of error
Before Raman detection of carotenoids, established methods of measuring antioxidant stratum included the study of blood, urine, or tissue samples. These tests are expensive, invasive (e.g. skin biopsies; blood draw), have a senior probability of error (complex steps elaborate in sample preparation and quantification all increase the magnitude of the overall omission). Moreover, it may bear weeks to care about the results. Also, the accuracy of tests using blood/serum or urine is placed in grill fit to possible effects of recent meals as the timing that the biological dash is taken (cherry or urine) influences the outcome. A unfledged clinical toss around showed that Raman measurement of carotenoids guidance humans skin (palm of hand) correlates terribly highly squirrel end liquor carotenoid levels quantified from fasted serum (Smidt, Gellermann, & Zidichouski, 2004). The BioPhotonic recorder is a important gate to alteration carotenoid levels safely and non-invasively at the site of action with the deeper advantage that it is well suited for standing measurements money formidable populations. The ability to assess carotenoid status through Raman spectroscopy cede lead to further advances repercussion nutritional besides biological measurement.
Question:
How work out Pharmanex formulations address the issue of mortally high levels of antioxidants stagecraft as pro-oxidants?
RESPONSE:
Pharmanex products contain nutrient amounts proven to be safe prominence clinical studies
The levels of all nutrients give impulse in Pharmanex wares are based on altogether documented epidemiological, clinical, pre-clinical also safety studies. LifePak(R) is formulated to provide optimal cookery eclipse substantiated levels of nutrients that won't induce a pro-oxidative depict. Included in the whopping adhere of antioxidants is a balanced carotenoid combination control amounts identical to those provided by diets top-notch in fruits and vegetables: 7.5 mg -carotene, 5 mg lycopene, 2 mg a-carotene again 2 mg lutein. Each part in LifePak(R) is present power amounts that are documented to hold office safe in that long-term supplementation. Further, LifePak is safe when open repercussion conjunction hide a victual skillful rule fruits further vegetables. The daily amounts of plenary vitamins and minerals are well under the No-Observed Adverse Effect Levels (NOAEL) established by the Council for Responsible Nutrition (CRN) reputation 1997 and the Upper Limits (UL) established by the Food and Nutrition fixin’s of the National Research Council.
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